to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m

Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt

Land use:
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 28%
other: 29% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 90 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards: NA

Environment--current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural
use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread

Environment--international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Geography--note: landlocked

People

Population: 22,804,973 (July 1999 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 51% (male 5,857,254; female 5,820,526)
15-64 years: 47% (male 5,301,208; female 5,330,005)
65 years and over: 2% (male 239,434; female 256,546) (1999 est.)

Population growth rate: 2.83% (1999 est.)

Birth rate: 48.54 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate: 18.43 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Net migration rate: -1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 1997, Uganda was host to
refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan
160,000, Democratic Republic of the Congo 14,000, and Rwanda 12,000

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 90.68 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 43.06 years
male: 42.2 years
female: 43.94 years (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate: 7.03 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan

Ethnic groups: Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%,
Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%,
Batobo 3%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 23%

Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%,
indigenous beliefs 18%

Languages: English (official national language, taught in