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sits are known but not exploited Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 6% other: 67% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 780 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts Environment--current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching Environment--international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban Geography--note: landlocked People Population: 10,429,124 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 47% (male 2,482,301; female 2,460,894) 15-64 years: 49% (male 2,447,712; female 2,708,978) 65 years and over: 4% (male 155,178; female 174,061) (1999 est.) Population growth rate: 3.01% (1999 est.) Birth rate: 49.5 births/1,000 population (1999 est.) Death rate: 18.56 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.) Net migration rate: -0.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (1999 est.) Infant mortality rate: 119.44 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.5 years male: 46.09 years female: 48.96 years (1999 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.96 children born/woman (1999 est.) Nationality: noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian Ethnic groups: Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5% Religions: Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1% Languages: French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 31% male: 39.4% female: 23.1% (1995 est.) Government Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local long form: Republique de Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan Data code: ML Government type: republic Capital: Bamako Administrative divisions: 8 regions (regions, singular--region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mop
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