gentina 165,
Australia 75, Brazil 12, Chile 129, China 33, France 33, Germany 9,
India 25, Japan 40, South Korea 14, NZ 10, Poland 20, Russia 102,
South Africa 10, UK 39, US 248 (1998-99); year-round stations--42
total; Argentina 6, Australia 4, Brazil 1, Chile 4, China 2, Finland
1, France 1, Germany 1, India 1, Italy 1, Japan 1, South Korea 1, NZ
1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Russia 6, South Africa 1, Spain 1, Ukraine 1,
UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 1 (1998-99); Summer-only stations--32 total;
Argentina 3, Australia 4, Bulgaria 1, Chile 7, Germany 1, India 1,
Japan 3, NZ 1, Peru 1, Russia 3, Sweden 2, UK 5 (1998-99) in
addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous
occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary
facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research

Government

Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antarctica

Data code: AY

Government type: Antarctic Treaty Summary--the Antarctic Treaty,
signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961,
establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica.
Administration is carried out through consultative member
meetings--the 22nd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was in
Norway in May 1998. At the end of 1998, there were 43 treaty member
nations: 27 consultative and 16 acceding. Consultative (voting)
members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica
as national territory (some claims overlap) and 20 nonclaimant
nations. The US and some other nations that have made no claims have
reserved the right to do so. The US does not recognize the claims of
others. The year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation
was voted to full consultative (voting) status, while no date
indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory.
Claimant nations are--Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New
Zealand, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations
are--Belgium, Brazil (1983), Bulgaria (1978) China (1985), Ecuador
(1990), Finland (1989), Germany (1981), India (1983), Italy (1987),
Japan, South Korea (1989), Netherlands (1990), Peru (1989), Poland
(1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1988), Sweden (1988), Uruguay
(1985), and the US. Acceding (nonvoting) members, with year of
accession in parentheses, are--Austria (1987), Canada (1988),
Colombia (1988), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic (1