ments of all such agencies
as the Knights of Columbus, Red Cross, Young Women's Christian
Association, Young Men's Christian Association, and the Salvation
Army, with reference to their special bearing on the comfort of the
Negroes during the war. The speaker undertook to give the merits and
demerits in each case to enlighten the public as to what was done for
and what against the Negro soldiers by these social welfare agencies.

Mr. Monroe N. Work then read an interesting and valuable paper on the
"Negro and Public Opinion in the South since the Civil War." The
purpose of the paper was to set forth the varying attitude of the
whites toward the Negro as evidenced by the thought of the community
expressed in the records from decade to decade. Exactly why these
changes in public opinion were brought about constituted the most
interesting part of this address, for it treated not necessarily of
present day conditions but undertook to account for them in the past.

Dr. H. B. Learned, a member of the Board of Education of the District
of Columbia, was then introduced to the Association. He confined his
remarks to a discussion of the thoughts of the preceding speakers
impressing him most and especially to that of illiteracy. He gave
some valuable information as to the intellectual development of
soldiers drafted during the recent war and said much to throw light on
the conditions of those sections from which they came. He made an
appeal for an increasing interest in the illiterates of both races and
emphasized how difficult it is for men to live for the greatest good
of themselves and their fellows without adequate enlightenment in
things fundamental. His address was scholarly and timely and deeply
impressed his hearers.

The meeting of the Executive Council of the Association was held at
two o'clock of the same day. Matters of much importance were
considered. Among these may be mentioned the decision to employ a
field agent for the extension of the work, the change of the meeting
from biennial to annual, and the plans for increasing the income of
the Association. It was decided to recommend Mr. William G. Willcox
and Mr. Emmett J. Scott for membership in the Executive Council.

The evening session of the first day was held at the Fifteenth Street
Presbyterian Church. A large and respectable audience was present. The
speakers of the occasion were Mr. Archibald H. Grimke and Emmett J.
Scott. Mr. Grimke delivered an address