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310 SAMUEL R. GARDINER _Cervantes' Don Quixote Reforms Literature (A.D. 1605)_, 325 HENRY EDWARD WATTS _Earliest Positive Discovery of Australia (A.D. 1606)_, 340 LOUIS BECKE WALTER JEFFERY _Settlement of Virginia (A.D. 1607) Charter under which America was Colonized_, 350 R. R. HOWISON _Founding of Quebec (A.D. 1608) Champlain Establishes French Power in Canada_, 366 H. H. MILES _Universal Chronology (A.D. 1558-1608)_, 387 JOHN RUDD LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME X PAGE _Murder of the favorite, Rizzio, at the feet of Mary Stuart, by her husband and associate conspirators (page 56)_, Frontispiece Painting by Eug. Siberdt. _Catharine de' Medici, accompanied by her suite, issues from the gate of the Louvre the morning after the Massacre of St. Bartholomew_, 142 Painting by Ed. Debat-Ponsan. AN OUTLINE NARRATIVE TRACING BRIEFLY THE CAUSES, CONNECTIONS, AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE GREAT EVENTS (AGE OF ELIZABETH AND PHILIP II) CHARLES F. HORNE Philip II succeeded his father Charles V on the throne of Spain. The vast extent of his domains, the absoluteness of his authority, and, above all, the enormous wealth that poured into his coffers from the Spanish conquests in America, made him the most powerful monarch of his time, the central figure of the age. It was largely because of Philip's personal character that the great religious struggle of the Reformation entered upon a new phase, became far more sinister, more black and deadly, extended over all Europe, and bathed the civilized world in blood. England stood forth as the centre of opposition against Philip, and under the unwilling leadership of Elizabeth entered on its epic period of heroism, was stimulated to that remarkable outburst of energy and intellect and power which we call the Elizabethan age. Philip, with a tenacity of purpose from which no fortune good or bad could lure him for a moment, pursued two objects throughout his reign (1555-1598)
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