needed, owing to
the want of vowels in the Arabic character (Sale, _Preliminary
Discourse_, 47). Readers are often employed to recite the _Koran_
over a corpse on the way to Karbala.

[5] Known as Khadim.

[6] _Allahu akbar ... Muhammadan rasulu'llah._ In English the
entire call runs: 'Allah is most great (four times), I testify that
there is no God but Allah (twice), I testify that Muhammad is the
Apostle of Allah (twice), Come to prayer (twice), Come to salvation
(twice), Allah is most great (twice), There is no God but Allah!'

[7] Known as _Ja'e-namaz,_ 'place of prayer'.

[8] See p. 27.

[9] The _Salatu'l-Juma'_, the Friday prayer, is obligatory. Friday was
appointed a Sabbath to distinguish Musalmans from Jews and
Christians.

[10] _Darzi_.

[11] _Dhobi_.

[12] See p. 74.

[13] The correct titles are as follows: Adam, _Safiyu'llah,_ 'The
Chosen One of God'; Noah, _Nabiyu'llah_, 'The Prophet of God';
Abraham, _Khalilu'llah_, 'The Friend of God'; Moses,
_Kalimu'llah_, 'He that spoke with God'; Jesus, _Ruhu'llah_,
'A Spirit from God'; Muhammad, _Rasulu 'Illah,_ 'The Prophet of
God'.

[14] _Salam-'alai-kum._

[15] _Injil, [Greek: e'uaggelion]_, the Gospel, as opposed to
_taurat_, the Pentateuch.

[16] Daud.

[17] The Fatiha, or opening chapter of the _Koran_, used like the
Pator-noster.

[18] Ja'afar as-Sadiq.

[19] _Hazrat_, 'Reverend', or 'Superior'.

[20] _Ja'e-namaz_, known also as _sajjadah_, or _musalla_.

[21] The assertion that the Koran teaches that women have no souls is
incorrect. See the texts collected by Hughes, _Dictionary of Islam_,
pp. 677 ff.

LETTER VIII

The Fast of Rumzaun.--Motives for its strict observance.--Its
commencement and duration.--Sentiments of Meer Hadjee Shaah on the
duty of fasting.--Adherence of the females to the observing this
fast.--How first broken.--Devout persons extend the term to forty
days.--Children permitted to try their zeal.--Calamitous effects of the
experiment.--Exemptions from this duty.--Joyful termination of the
fast.--Celebration of Eade on the last day.--The Nuzza.--Nautchwomen
and Domenie.--Surprise of the Natives at European dancing.--Remarks on
their Music.--Anecdotes of Fatima.--The Chuckee.

'The poor man fasts, because he wanteth meat;
The sick man fasts, because he cannot eat.
The miser fasts, with greedy mind, to spare;