UR; DEM

Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175
(2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); deutsche marks per US dollar -
1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications Germany

Telephones - main lines in use: 50.9 million (March 2001)

Telephones - mobile cellular: 55.3 million (June 2001)

Telephone system: general assessment: Germany has one of the world's
most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result
of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly
backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World
War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part
domestic: exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable,
coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system;
cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly,
and includes roaming service to many foreign countries international:
Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of
extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations
in the INMARSAT, INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, and INTERSPUTNIK satellite systems
(2001)

Radio broadcast stations: AM 51, FM 787, shortwave 4 (1998)

Radios: 77.8 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations: 373 (plus 8,042 repeaters) (1995)

Televisions: 51.4 million (1998)

Internet country code: .de

Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 200 (2001)

Internet users: 28.64 million (2001)

Transportation Germany

Railways: total: 44,000 km (including at least 20,300 km electrified);
most routes are double- or multiple-track note: since privatization in
1994, Deutsche Bahn AG (DBAG) no longer publishes details of the track it
owns; in addition to the DBAG system there are 102 privately owned railway
companies which own approximately 3,000 to 4,000 km of track (2001 est.)

Highways: total: 656,140 km paved: 650,891 km (including 11,400 km of
expressways) unpaved: 5,249 km (all-weather) (1998 est.)

Waterways: 7,500 km note: major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel
Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea
(1999)

Pipelines: crude oil 2,240 km (2001)

Ports and harbors: Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne,
Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg,
Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart

Merchant marine: tota