illera--
Descent of glaciers to the sea--Icebergs formed--Transportal
of boulders--Climate and productions of the Antarctic Islands
--Preservation of frozen carcasses--Recapitulation.

CHAPTER XII.

Valparaiso--Excursion to the foot of the Andes--Structure of
the land--Ascend the Bell of Quillota--Shattered masses of
greenstone--Immense valleys--Mines--State of miners--
Santiago--Hot-baths of Cauquenes--Gold-mines--
Grinding-mills--Perforated stones--Habits of the Puma--El
Turco and Tapacolo--Humming-birds.

CHAPTER XIII.

Chiloe--General aspect--Boat excursion--Native Indians--
Castro--Tame fox--Ascend San Pedro--Chonos Archipelago--
Peninsula of Tres Montes--Granitic range--Boat-wrecked
sailors--Low's Harbour--Wild potato--Formation of peat--
Myopotamus, otter and mice--Cheucau and Barking-bird--
Opetiorhynchus--Singular character of ornithology--Petrels.

CHAPTER XIV.

San Carlos, Chiloe--Osorno in eruption, contemporaneously with
Aconcagua and Coseguina--Ride to Cucao--Impenetrable forests
--Valdivia--Indians--Earthquake--Concepcion--Great
earthquake--Rocks fissured--Appearance of the former towns--
The sea black and boiling--Direction of the vibrations--
Stones twisted round--Great Wave--Permanent Elevation of the
land--Area of volcanic phenomena--The connection between the
elevatory and eruptive forces--Cause of earthquakes--Slow
elevation of mountain-chains.

CHAPTER XV.

Valparaiso--Portillo Pass--Sagacity of mules--
Mountain-torrents--Mines, how discovered--Proofs of the
gradual elevation of the Cordillera--Effect of snow on rocks--
Geological structure of the two main ranges, their distinct
origin and upheaval--Great subsidence--Red snow--Winds--
Pinnacles of snow--Dry and clear atmosphere--Electricity--
Pampas--Zoology of the opposite sides of the Andes--Locusts
--Great Bugs--Mendoza--Uspallata Pass--Silicified trees
buried as they grew--Incas Bridge--Badness of the passes
exaggerated--Cumbre--Casuchas--Valparaiso.

CHAPTER XVI.

Coast-road to Coquimbo--Great loads carried by the miners--
Coquimbo--Earthquake--Step-formed terraces--Absence of
recent deposits--Contemporaneousness of the Tertiary formations
--Excursion up the valley--Road to Guasco--Deserts--Valley
of Co