losophy of the Organism_, London, 1907, p. 233), and
from the recent observations of Godlewski it has received distinct
experimental support.]

[Footnote 68: In other words, the ova are each _either_ female, _or
male_ (i.e. non-female), but the sperms are all non-female.]

[Footnote 69: Morgan, _Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med._ V. 1908, and von
Baehr, _Zool. Anz._ XXXII. p. 507, 1908.]

[Footnote 70: As Wilson has proved, the unpaired body is not a
universal feature even in those orders in which it has been observed.
Nearly allied types may differ. In some it is altogether unpaired. In
others it is paired with a body of much smaller size, and by selection
of various types all gradations can be demonstrated ranging to the
condition in which the members of the pair are indistinguishable from
each other.]

[Footnote 71: I have in view, for example, the marvellous and specific
phenomena of regeneration, and those discovered by the students of
"_Entwicklungsmechanik_." The circumstances of its occurrence here
preclude any suggestion that this regularity has been brought about by
the workings of Selection. The attempts thus to represent the
phenomena have resulted in mere parodies of scientific reasoning.]

[Footnote 72: _Vortraege ueber Viehzucht und Rassenerkenntniss_, p. 120,
Berlin, 1872.]

[Footnote 73: See Sutton, A. W., _Journ. Linn. Soc._ XXXVIII. p. 341,
1908.]

[Footnote 74: _Life and Habit_, London, p. 263, 1878]

IV

"THE DESCENT OF MAN"

BY G. SCHWALBE

_Professor of Anatomy in the University of Strassburg_

The problem of the origin of the human race, of the descent of man, is
ranked by Huxley in his epoch-making book _Man's Place in Nature_, as
the deepest with which biology has to concern itself, "the question of
questions,"--the problem which underlies all others. In the same
brilliant and lucid exposition, which appeared in 1863, soon after the
publication of Darwin's _Origin of Species_, Huxley stated his own
views in regard to this great problem. He tells us how the idea of a
natural descent of man gradually grew up in his mind. It was
especially the assertions of Owen in regard to the total difference
between the human and the simian brain that called forth strong
dissent from the great anatomist Huxley, and he easily succeeded in
showing that Owen's supposed differences had no real existence; he
even established, on the basis of his own anatomical investigations,
the proposition that