vies of the world. When in 1907 Roosevelt
sent the American battleship squadron on a voyage around the world,
the expedition not only caused a pleased self-consciousness at home but
perhaps impressed foreign nations with the fact that the United States
now counted not only as a potential but as an actual factor in world
affairs.

Greater popular interest, if one may judge from relative achievement,
was aroused by the proposal to substitute legal for military battles.
The United States had always been disposed to submit to arbitration
questions which seemed deadlocked. The making of general arrangements
for the arbitration of cases that might arise in the future was now
advocated. The first important proposal of this character was made to
the United States by Great Britain at the time of the Venezuela affair.
This proposal was rejected, for it was regarded as a device of Great
Britain to cover her retreat in that particular case by suggesting a
general provision. The next suggestion was that made by the Czar, in
1899, for a peace conference at The Hague. This invitation the
United States accepted with hearty good will and she concurred in the
establishment of a permanent court of arbitration to meet in that city.
Andrew Carnegie built a home for it, and President Roosevelt sent to it
as its first case that of the "Pious Fund," concerning which the United
States had long been in dispute with Mexico.

The establishment of a world court promoted the formation of treaties
between nations by which they agreed to submit their differences to
The Hague or to similar courts especially formed. A model, or as it
was called a "mondial" treaty was drawn up by the conference for this
purpose. Secretary Hay proceeded to draw up treaties on such general
lines with a number of nations, and President Roosevelt referred them
to the Senate with his warm approval. That body, however, exceedingly
jealous of the share in the treaty-making power given it by the
Constitution, disliked the treaties, because it feared that under such
general agreements cases would be submitted to The Hague Court without
its special approval. * Yet, as popular sentiment was strongly behind
the movement, the Senate ventured only to amend the procedure in such
a way as to make every "agreement" a treaty which would require its
concurrence. President Roosevelt, however, was so much incensed at this
important change that he refused to continue the negotiations.