========+=============+=============+=========+

==========+======================================+==================
| Size of Pipes for | Approximate
| Short Lengths To be | Space Occupied
| increased as Length Increases | Feet and Inches
+-------+---------+---------+----------+--------+---------
Diameter | | | | | |
of Steam | Steam | Exhaust | Suction | Delivery | |
Cylinders | Pipe | Pipe | Pipe | Pipe | Length | Width
----------+-------+---------+---------+----------+--------+------
3 | 3/8 | 1/2 | 1-1/4 | 1 | 2 9 | 1 0
3 | 3/8 | 1/2 | 1-1/4 | 1 | 2 9 | 1 1
4-1/2 | 1/2 | 3/4 | 2 | 1-1/2 | 2 10 | 1 1
| | | | | |
4-1/2 | 1/2 | 3/4 | 2 | 1-1/2 | 2 10 | 1 1
5-1/4 | 3/4 | 1-1/4 | 1-1/2 | 1 | 3 1 | 1 4
5-1/4 | 3/4 | 1-1/4 | 1-1/2 | 1 | 3 1 | 1 4
| | | | | |
6 | 1 | 1-1/4 | 1-1/2 | 1 | 3 5 | 1 5
6 | 1 | 1-1/4 | 1-1/2 | 1 | 3 5 | 1 5
6 | 1 | 1-1/4 | 1-1/2 | 1 | 3 5 | 1 5
| | | | | |
7-1/2 | 1-1/2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 6 | 1 6
6 | 1 | 1-1/4 | 1-1/2 | 1 | 3 5 | 1 5
7-1/2 | 1-1/2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 6 | 1 9
| | | | | |
7-1/2 | 1-1/2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 7 | 1 9
9 | 1-1/2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 8 | 1 11
9 | 1-1/2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 9 | 1 11
==========+=======+=========+=========+==========+========+======

[Illustration: FIG. 50.--Raising water by means of compressed air.]

Figure 49 shows a cut of a small duplex Worthington pump which operates
by steam, not requiring any intermediate engine. To show the variety of
pumps made and the way in which the proportions vary with the capacity
of the pumps, the preceding table is given of pumps of small capacity
designed to work with low steam pressure.

_Air lifts for water._

Compressed air is also a source of power for raising water from a deep
well; but it is neither economical in first cos