found three amphibia of the toad class. The Thorn
toad (_Bufo spinulosus_, Wiegam.), which has its body thickly covered
with a thorny kind of warts. The beautiful red spotted toad (_Bufo
thaul_), and a very curious and ugly kind with a round, swelled out
body, a loose skin, and a large bladder under the chin (_Anaxyrus
melancholicus_, Tsch.). At night the cry of this animal is a discordant
melancholy howl.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 49: Elias is eminent not only as an extensive landowner and
cultivator, but as a statesman. During the revolution of 1843 and 1844,
he was called upon to place himself at the head of the government. He
discharged the duties of that high office with singular judgment and
moderation. He and his lady are distinguished for their courteous and
liberal hospitality; and many foreign visitors, like myself, look back
with pleasure on the happiness they derived from the friendship of Don
Domingo Elias.]

[Footnote 50: An odre is a goat-skin prepared for carrying wine.]

[Footnote 51: The original word is Huanu, which is a term in the
Quichua dialect meaning "animal dung;" for example, _Huanacuhuanu_
(excrement of the Huanacu). As the word is now generally used it is an
abbreviation of _Pishu Huanu--Bird-dung_. The Spaniards have converted
the final syllable _nu_ into _no_, as they do in all the words adopted
from the Quichua which have the like termination. The European
orthography _Guano_, which is also followed in Spanish America, is
quite erroneous, for the Quichua language is deficient in the letter
_G_, as it is in several other consonants. The _H_, in the commencement
of the word, is strongly aspirated, whence the error in the orthography
of the Spaniards, who have sadly corrupted the language of the
Autochthones of Peru.]

CHAPTER X.

Roads leading to the Sierra--Chaclacayo and Santa Ines--Barometrical
observations--San Pedro Mama--The Rio Seco--Extraordinary Geological
Phenomenon--Similar one described by Mr. Darwin--Surco--Diseases
peculiar to the Villages of Peru--The Verugas--Indian mode of treating
the disorder--The Bird-catching Spider--Horse-Shoeing--Indian
Tambos--San Juan de Matucanas--The Thorn-apple and the Tonga--The Tambo
de Viso--Bridges--San Mateo--Passports--Acchahuari--Malady called the
Veta--Its effects on horses--Singular tact and caution of
Mules--Antarangra and Mountain Passes--Curious partition of
Water--Piedra Parada--Yauli--Indian Smelting Furnaces--Mineral
S