peas with syrup.]

[Footnote 23: Literally Bigots.]

[Footnote 24: Meaning _Yo esclavita!_ (I, a slave!) _Esclavita_ being the
diminutive of _Esclava_.]

[Footnote 25: Narrative of twenty years' residence in South America, by
W. B. Stevenson.]

[Footnote 26: The term Creole is a corruption of the Spanish word
_criollo_, which is derived from _criar_ to create or to foster. The
Spaniards apply the term _criollo_ not merely to the human race, but
also to animals propagated in the colonies, but of pure European blood:
thus they have _creole_ horses, bullocks, poultry, &c.]

[Footnote 27: A brutish Indian; a favorite expression of the Limenos when
speaking of the Indians, who certainly do not merit the compliment.]

[Footnote 28: The word _Palangana_ signifies a wash-hand-basin; but more
especially the kind of basin used by barbers. Figuratively the term is
used to designate an empty babbler.]

[Footnote 29: _Gringo_ is a nickname applied to Europeans. It is probably
derived from _Griego_ (Greek). The Germans say of anything
incomprehensible, "That sounds like Spanish,"--and in like manner the
Spaniards say of anything they do not understand, "That is Greek."]

[Footnote 30: _Paisanito_ is the diminutive of _Paisano_
(Compatriot.)]

CHAPTER VI.

Primary Schools--Colleges--The University--Monks--Saints--Santo
Toribio and Santa Rosa--Religious Processions--Raising the
Host--The Noche Buena--The Carnival--Paseos, or Public
Promenades--Ice--Riding and Driving--Horses--Their Equipments and
Training--Mules--Lottery in Lima--Cookery--Breakfasts, Dinners,
&c.--Coffee-houses and Restaurants--Markets--The _Plazo Firme del
Acho_--Bull Fights.

Schools for primary instruction are numerous in Lima, and upon the
whole they are tolerably well conducted. There are thirty-six of these
primary schools, public and private; twenty for boys, and sixteen for
girls; and altogether about 2000 pupils[31] receive in these
establishments the first elements of juvenile instruction. The
principal public institutions of this class are the Normal School of
Santo Tomas (in which the Lancasterian system is adopted), and the
Central School of San Lazaro. Each contains from 320 to 350 pupils. Of
the private schools, some are very well conducted by Europeans. The
College of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe was founded a few years ago by
two Spanish merchants. In this establishment the sons of the wealthier
class of people may receive a bett