sprinkled with numerous black dots. The winter is passed in the
chrysalis stage.

After the caterpillar changes to a chrysalis, their minute parasites
frequently bore through the outside and deposit their eggs within.
These hatch before the time for the butterflies to emerge, and feeding
on the contents, destroy the life of the chrysalis.

Birds and spiders are of great service in destroying these insects.

The pupae should be collected and burned if the abdomen is flexible;
but if the joints of the abdomen are stiff and cannot be easily moved,
they should be left, as they contain parasites.

Several applications of poisons have been used, the best results being
obtained from the use of pyrethrum as a powder blown on to the plants
by a hand bellows, during the hottest part of the day, in the
proportion of one part to four or five of flour.

As the eggs are laid at different times, any application, to be
thoroughly tested, must be repeated several times.

THE APPLE TREE TENT CATERPILLAR.

_Clisiocampa Americana_ (Harr.)

Large, white, silken web-like tents, Fig. 15, are noticed by the
roadsides, in the early summer, on wild cherry trees, and also on
fruit trees in orchards, containing numerous caterpillars of a
blackish color, with fine gray hairs scattered over the body.

This well known pest has been very abundant throughout the State for
several years past, and the trees in many neglected orchards have been
greatly injured by it, some being entirely stripped of their leaves.
The trees in these orchards and the neglected ones by the roadsides
form excellent breeding places for this insect, and such as are of
little of no value should be destroyed. If this were well done, and
all fruit growers in any given region were to destroy all the tents on
their trees, even for a single season, the work of holding them in
check or destroying them in the following year would be comparatively
light.

[Illustration: FIG. 15.]

The moths, Fig. 16, appear in great numbers in July, their wings
measuring, when expanded, from one and a quarter to one and a half
inches or more. They are of a reddish brown color, the fore wings
being tinged with gray on the base and middle, and crossed by two
oblique whitish stripes.

[Illustration: FIG. 16.]

The females lay their eggs, about three hundred in number, in a belt,
Fig. 15, c, around the twigs of apple, cherry, and a few other trees,
the belt being covered by a thick coat