instinct, a horse, on being turned to the right, leads off
with his right limbs, and to the left with his left.

(12) "Forwards!"

(13) Or, "the true trot."

(14) {epirrabdophorein}, "a fast pace in response to a wave of the
whip."

(15) See Berenger, i. p. 249; also the "Cavalry Drill Book," Part I.
Equitation, S. 22, "The Canter."

(16) {tes episkeliseos}, "he will make the forward stride of the
gallop in the act of turning to the left." See Morgan ad loc.

As an exercise, we recommend what is called the volte, (17) since it
habituates the animal to turn to either hand; while a variation in the
order of the turn is good as involving an equalisation of both sides of
the mouth, in first one, and then the other half of the exercise. (18)
But of the two we commend the oval form of the volte rather than the
circular; for the horse, being already sated with the straight course,
will be all the more ready to turn, and will be practised at once in
the straight course and in wheeling. At the curve, he should be held
up, (19) because it is neither easy nor indeed safe when the horse is
at full speed to turn sharp, especially if the ground is broken (20) or
slippery.

(17) {pede}, figure of eight.

(18) Or, "on first one and then the other half of the manege."

(19) {upolambanein}. See "Hipparch," iii. 14; "Hunting," iii. 10; vi.
22, of a dog.

(20) {apokroton}, al. {epikroton}, "beaten, hard-trodden ground."

But in collecting him, the rider should as little as possible sway the
horse obliquely with the bit, and as little as possible incline his own
body; or, he may rest assured, a trifle will suffice to stretch him and
his horse full length upon the ground. The moment the horse has his eyes
fixed on the straight course after making a turn, is the time to urge
him to full speed. In battle, obviously, these turns and wheelings
are with a view to charging or retiring; consequently, to practise
quickening the pace after wheeling is desirable. When the horse seems
to have had enough of the manege, it would be good to give him a slight
pause, and then suddenly to put him to his quickest, away from his
fellows first, (21) and now towards them; and then again to quiet him
down in mid-career as short as possible; (22) and from halt once more
to turn him right-about and off again full charge. It is easy to
predict that the day will come when there will be need of each of these
manouvres.

(21)