that he might make acquaintance with manual labour. His master was
involved in one of the plots of 1815, and Philarete suffered two months'
imprisonment. On his release he was sent to London, where he worked for
the printer Valpy on editions of classical authors. He wrote articles
for the English reviews, and on his return to France did much to
popularize the study of English authors. He was also one of the earliest
to draw attention in France to Scandinavian and Russian literature. He
contributed to the _Revue des deux mondes_, until he had a violent
quarrel, terminating in a lawsuit, with Francois Buloz, who won his
case. He became librarian of the Bibliotheque Mazarine, and from 1841
was professor of comparative literature at the College de France. During
his active life he produced some fifty volumes of literary history and
criticism, and of social history, much of which is extremely valuable.
He died at Venice on the 18th of July 1873. His son, Emile Chasles (b.
1827), was a philologist of some reputation.

Among his best critical works is _Dix-huitieme Siecle en Angleterre_
... (1846), one of a series of 20 vols. of _Etudes de litterature
comparee_ (1846-1875), which he called later _Trente ans de critique_.
An account of his strenuous boyhood is given in his _Maison de mon
pere_. His _Memoires_ (1876-1877) did not fulfil the expectations
based on his brilliant talk.

CHASSE (from the Fr., in full _chasse-cafe_, or "coffee-chaser"), a
draught of spirit or liqueur, taken with or after coffee, &c.

CHASSE (Fr. for "chased"), a gliding step in dancing, so called since
one foot is brought up behind or chases the other. The _chasse croise_
is a double variety of the step.

CHASSELOUP-LAUBAT, FRANCOIS, MARQUIS DE (1754-1833), French general and
military engineer, was born at St Sernin (Lower Charente) on the 18th of
August 1754, of a noble family, and entered the French engineers in
1774. He was still a subaltern at the outbreak of the Revolution,
becoming captain in 1791. His ability as a military engineer was
recognized in the campaigns of 1792 and 1793. In the following year he
won distinction in various actions and was promoted successively _chef
de bataillon_ and colonel. He was chief of engineers at the siege of
Mainz in 1796, after which he was sent to Italy. He there conducted the
first siege of Mantua, and reconnoitred the positions and lines of
advance of the army of Bonaparte.