ards, or crosswise, that is
to say, collaterally. Relations in the ascending line are parents, in
the descending line, children, and similarly uncles and aunts paternal
and maternal. In the ascending and descending lines a man's nearest
cognate may be related to him in the first degree; in the collateral
line he cannot be nearer to him than the second.

1 Relations in the first degree, reckoning upwards, are the father and
mother; reckoning downwards, the son and daughter.

2 Those in the second degree, upwards, are grandfather and grandmother;
downwards, grandson and granddaughter;

3 and in the collateral line brother and sister. In the third degree,
upwards, are the greatgrandfather and greatgrandmother; downwards, the
greatgrandson and greatgranddaughter; in the collateral line, the sons
and daughters of a brother or sister, and also uncles and aunts paternal
and maternal. The father's brother is called 'patruus,' in Greek
'patros', the mother's brother avunculus, in Greek specifically
'matros,' though the term theios is used indifferently to indicate
either. The father's sister is called 'amita,' the mother's 'matertera';
both go in Greek by the name 'theia,' or, with some, 'tithis.'

4 In the fourth degree, upwards, are the greatgreatgrandfather and
the greatgreatgrandmother; downwards, the greatgreatgrandson and the
great-great-granddaughter; in the collateral line, the paternal greatuncle
and greataunt, that is to say, the grandfather's brother and sister: the
same relations on the grandmother's side, that is to say, her brother
and sister: and first cousins male and female, that is, children of
brothers and sisters in relation to one another. The children of two
sisters, in relation to one another, are properly called 'consobrini,'
a corruption of 'consororini'; those of two brothers, in relation to one
another, 'fratres patrueles,' if males, 'sorores patrueles,' if females;
and those of a brother and a sister, in relation to one another,
'amitini'; thus the sons of your father's sister call you 'consobrinus,'
and you call them 'amitini.'

5 In the fifth degree, upwards, are the grandfather's great-grandfather
and great-grandmother, downwards, the great-grandchildren of one's own
grandchildren, and in the collateral line the grandchildren of a brother
or sister, a great-grandfather's or great-grandmother's brother or sister,
the children of one's first cousins, that is, of a 'frater-' or 'soror
patruelis,'