_Begoniaceae_); the cucumbers, melons, and vegetable marrows
(_Cucurbitaceae_); the singularly-formed passion-flowers
(_Passifloraceae_); the myrtles (_Myrtaceae_); the carnivorous group
containing the sundew and Venus's flytrap (_Droseracae_); the fleshy
houseleek and stonecrops (_Crassulaceae_); the Saxifrages
(_Saxifragaceae_); the rose group (_Rosaceae_), which includes within it
most of our fruits, such as the apple, pear, strawberry, cherry, peach,
plum, almond, and others; the very large order which contains the peas,
beans, and their allies (_Leguminoseae_); the horse-chestnut order
(_Hippocastaneae_); the maples (_Acerineae_); the hollies (_Ilicineae_);
the oranges and citrons (_Aurantiaceae_); the cranesbills and
pelargoniums (_Geraniaceae_); the flaxes (_Linaceae_); the limes
(_Tiliaceae_), in which the useful jute is included; the mallows
(_Malvaceae_); the St. John's worts (_Hypericaceae_); the order of pinks
(_Caryophylleae_); the pansies (_Violaceae_); the rock-roses (_Cistaceae_);
the mignonette group (_Resedaceae_); the great wall-flower and cabbage
group (_Cruciferae_); the poppies (_Papaveraceae_); the water-lilies
(_Nymphaceae_); the berberries (_Berberideae_); the custard-apples
(_Anonaceae_); the magnolias (_Magnoliaceae_); and, finally, the great
group (_Ranunculaceae_) containing the anemones, the clematis, hellebore,
monkshood, and the buttercup, which last is of great use to the student
of Botany because it is an excellent type of all flowers.

The above may serve as a brief enumeration of the more generally known
or more interesting orders of flowering plants, as also of the most
noteworthy forms of cryptogams. The much more numerous and complex
groups of animals have also been catalogued in the earlier and larger
part of this Essay, which may thus, it is hoped, answer the purpose of
an introduction to those multitudinous forms of organic life, the
leading points in the structure and functions of which are hereafter to
occupy us.

The main groups of Animals and Plants may be provisionally tabulated as
follows:--

ANIMALS.

{ _Mammalia_ (Man and Beasts)
(1) VERTEBRATA { _Aves_ (Birds)
(Back-boned { _Reptilia_ (Serpents, Crocodiles, Lizards, &c.)
Animals) { _Batrachia_ (Frogs, Efts, &c.)
{ _Pisces_ (Fishes)

{ _Cephalopoda_ (Cuttle Fishes)
(2) MOLLUSCA { _Pteropoda_
(Soft Animals) { _Gasteropoda_ (Snails, &c.)