. The paper was cut in lengths of ten or fifteen
yards, three pieces of the knotted clothes line were then rolled
between the loose coils of paper, which was then submerged in the tar,
which on account of the knots could penetrate the paper. The paper was
next sanded by permitting its lower surface to pass over dry sand in a
box standing on the floor. A workman rolled off the paper, and with
his hand he strews sand on the upper surface. The rolling taking place
on the edge of a table, by means of a crank, the excess of sand
dropped off.

It is said by this method two workmen, one of which tends to the
rolling and sanding, the other turning the crank, could turn out
eighty rolls per day. This method is still in use. It is useless to
describe the many antiquated methods in vogue in smaller factories,
and it can truthfully be said that nearly all of them are out of date.
It appears to be the fact of almost all inventions that when reduced
to practical use, the arrangements, apparatus, and working methods
employed are generally of the most complicated nature, and time and
experience only will simplify them. This has been also the case with
the methods in the roofing paper industry, which are at present
gradually being reduced to a practical basis. The method gradually
adopted has been described in the preceding. The pan is of a certain
length, whereby it becomes possible to saturate the paper by slowly
drawing it through the heated tar. This is the chief feature. The work
is much simplified thereby and the workmen need not dip their hands
into the tar or soil them with it. The work of impregnating has become
much cleaner and easier, while at the same time the tar can be heated
to a much higher temperature. The pan is generally filled with
distilled coal tar, and the heating is regulated in such a manner that
the temperature of the impregnating mass is raised far beyond 212 deg.
Fahrenheit. This accelerates the penetration, which takes place more
quickly as the degree of heat is raised, which may be almost up to the
boiling point of the tar, as at this degree the paper is not destroyed
by the heat. In order to prevent the evaporation of the volatile
ingredients of the tar, the pan is covered with a sheet iron cover,
with a slot at the place where the paper enters into the impregnating
mass and another at the place where it issues. The tar is always kept
at the same level, by occasional additions.

The roll of paper is moun