he neighboring Igorot do not use a cutter, but break the stalks
with the fingers; however, the same instrument is used by the Apayao,
in parts of Mindanao, in Java and Sumatra. See _Marsden_, History of
Sumatra, p. 73; _Raffles_, History of Java, pp. 125-6, also Plate 8;
_Mayer_, Een Blik in het Javaansche Volksleven, Vol. II, p. 452,
(Leiden, 1897); _Van der Lith_, Nederlandsch Oost Indie, Vol. II,
p. 353, (Leiden, 1894).

[197] Rice in the bundle is known as _palay_ or _pagey_.

[198] The Igorot woman pulls the grain from the straw with her hands.

[199] Ilocano _sanga-reppet_ or the Spanish _monojo_.

[200] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 177.

[201] History of Sumatra, pp. 65, _et seq_.

[202] _Hose_ and _McDougall_ (Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vol. II,
pp. 246-7) consider the terraced rice culture of the Murut, of northern
Borneo, a recent acquisition either from the Philippines or from Annam.

[203] _Lavezaris_, writing in 1569-76, states that the natives, of no
specified district, "have great quantities of provisions which they
gathered from irrigated fields" (_Blair_ and _Robertson_, Philippine
Islands, Vol. III, p. 269). In Vol. VIII, pp. 250-251, of the same
publication, is a record of the expedition to Tue, in the mountains
at the southern end of Nueva Viscaya. According to this account, the
natives of that section were, in 1592, gathering two crops of rice,
"one being irrigated, the other allowed to grow by itself."

[204] For the history and extent of terraced field rice-culture,
see _Freeman_ and _Chandler_, The World's Commercial Products
(Boston, 1911); _Ratzel_, History of Mankind, Vol. I, pp. 426, _et
seq_. (London, 1896); _Ferrars_, Burma, pp. 48, _et seq_. (London,
1901); _Bezemer_, Door Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, p. 232 (Groningen,
1906); _Hose_ and _McDougall_, Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vol. II, p. 246;
_Perry_, _Manchester Memoirs_, Vol. LX, pt. 2, 1915-16; _Wallace_, The
Malay Archipelago, pp. 117, 126 (London, 1894); _Cabaton_, Java and the
Dutch East Indies, p. 213, note (London, 1911); _Meyier_, Irrigation
in Java, _Transactions of the American Soc. of Civil Engineers,_
Vol. LIV, pt. 6 (New York, 1908); _Bernard_, Amenagement des eaux a
Java, irrigation des rizieres (Paris 1903); _Crawfurd_, History of
the Indian Archipelago, Vol. 1, pp. 358, _et seq_. (Edinburgh, 1820).

[205] _Campbell_, Java Past and Present, Vol. II, p. 977 (London,
1915).

[206] See Traditions of