nough to follow them up. Labor cannot be allowed to dictate
to capital and say how business shall be conducted. There is no
objection to the formation of unions and trades councils, but membership
must not be compulsory. It is repugnant to the American idea of liberty
and cannot be tolerated."

On the other hand, the president of the Team Drivers' Union said: "The
employers of labor in this city are generally against the trade-union
movement and there seems to be a concerted effort on their part to check
the progress of organized labor. Such action as has been taken by them
in sympathy with the present labor troubles may, if continued, lead to a
serious conflict, the outcome of which might be most calamitous for the
business and industrial interests of San Francisco."

And the secretary of the United Brewery Workmen: "I regard a sympathetic
strike as the last weapon which organized labor should use in its
defence. When, however, associations of employers band together to
defeat organized labor, or one of its branches, then we should not and
will not hesitate ourselves to employ the same instrument in
retaliation."

Thus, in a little corner of the world, is exemplified the growing
solidarity of labor. The organization of labor has not only kept pace
with the organization of industry, but it has gained upon it. In one
winter, in the anthracite coal region, $160,000,000 in mines and
$600,000,000 in transportation and distribution consolidated its
ownership and control. And at once, arrayed as solidly on the other
side, were the 150,000 anthracite miners. The bituminous mines, however,
were not consolidated; yet the 250,000 men employed therein were already
combined. And not only that, but they were also combined with the
anthracite miners, these 400,000 men being under the control and
direction of one supreme labor council. And in this and the other great
councils are to be found captains of labor of splendid abilities, who, in
understanding of economic and industrial conditions, are undeniably the
equals of their opponents, the captains of industry.

The United States is honeycombed with labor organizations. And the big
federations which these go to compose aggregate millions of members, and
in their various branches handle millions of dollars yearly. And not
only this; for the international brotherhoods and unions are forming, and
moneys for the aid of strikers pass back and forth across the seas. The
M