made a charge. They succeeded in holding
off the troops for two days, with only five men wounded and none killed,
and when the military retreated the Indians continued northward carrying
their wounded.

This sort of thing was repeated again and again. Meanwhile Little
Wolf held his men under perfect control. There were practically no
depredations. They secured some boxes of ammunition left behind by
retreating troops, and at one point the young men were eager to follow
and destroy an entire command who were apparently at their mercy, but
their leader withheld them. They had now reached the buffalo country,
and he always kept his main object in sight. He was extraordinarily
calm. Doctor Grinnell was told by one of his men years afterward:
"Little Wolf did not seem like a human being. He seemed like a bear."
It is true that a man of his type in a crisis becomes spiritually
transformed and moves as one in a dream.

At the Running Water the band divided, Dull Knife going toward Red Cloud
agency. He was near Fort Robinson when he surrendered and met his sad
fate. Little Wolf remained all winter in the Sand Hills, where there was
plenty of game and no white men. Later he went to Montana and then to
Pine Ridge, where he and his people remained in peace until they were
removed to Lame Deer, Montana, and there he spent the remainder of his
days. There is a clear sky beyond the clouds of racial prejudice, and
in that final Court of Honor a noble soul like that of Little Wolf has a
place.

HOLE-IN-THE-DAY

[I wish to thank Reverend C. H. Beaulieu of Le Soeur, Minnesota, for
much of the material used in this chapter.]

In the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Indian nations of the
Northwest first experienced the pressure of civilization. At this period
there were among them some brilliant leaders unknown to history, for the
curious reason that they cordially received and welcomed the newcomers
rather than opposed them. The only difficulties were those arising among
the European nations themselves, and often involving the native tribes.
Thus new environments brought new motives, and our temptations were
increased manyfold with the new weapons, new goods, and above all the
subtly destructive "spirit water."

Gradually it became known that the new race had a definite purpose, and
that purpose was to chart and possess the whole country, regardless of
the rights of its earlier inhabitants. Still the old chiefs caution