rough and brutal treatment.

"It was some comfort to be under the old delusion
that fear and nervousness can be cured by
violence, and that knocking about will turn a
timid boy into a bold one. But now we know well
enough that is not true. Gradually training a
timid child to do bold acts would be most
desirable; but _frightening_ him and ill-treating
him will not make him courageous. Every medical
man knows the fatal effects of terror, or
agitation, or excitement, to nerves that are
over-sensitive. There are different kinds of
courage, as you have shown in your character of
Arthur.

"A boy may have moral courage, and a
finely-organized brain and nervous system. Such a
boy is calculated, if judiciously educated, to be
a great, wise, and useful man; but he may not
possess _animal courage_; and one night's
_tossing_, or bullying, may produce such an injury
to his brain and nerves that his usefulness is
spoiled for life. I verily believe that hundreds
of noble organizations are thus destroyed every
year. Horse-jockeys have learnt to be wiser; they
know that a highly nervous horse is utterly
destroyed by harshness. A groom who tried to cure
a shying horse by roughness and violence, would be
discharged as a brute and a fool. A man who would
regulate his watch with a crowbar would be
considered an ass. But the person who thinks a
child of delicate and nervous organization can be
made bold by bullying is no better.

"He can be made bold by _healthy exercise_ and
_games_ and _sports_; but that is quite a
different thing. And even these games and sports
should bear some proportion to his strength and
capacities.

"I very much doubt whether small children should
play with big ones--the rush of a set of great
fellows at football, or the speed of a
cricket-ball sent by a strong hitter, must be very
alarming to a mere child, to a child who might
stand up boldly enough among children of his own
size and height.

"Look at half-a-dozen small children playing
cricket by themselves;