e public attention to them. In the antithesis of
his character, he was so great and so little! But he knew
mankind! and present fame was the great business of his life.

[196] Cleland was the son of Colonel Cleland, an old friend of Pope;
he and his son had served in the East Indian army; but the
latter returned to London, and became a sort of literary
jackal to Pope, and a hack author for the booksellers. He
wrote several moral and useful works; but as they did not pay
well, he wrote an immoral one, for which he obtained a better
price, and a pension of 100_l._ a-year, on condition that he
never wrote in that manner again. This was obtained for him by
Lord Granville, after Cleland had been cited before the Privy
Council, and pleaded poverty as the reason for such
authorship.--ED.

[197] The narrative of this dark transaction, which seems to have been
imperfectly known to Johnson, being too copious for a note,
will be found at the close of this article.

[198] A list of all the pamphlets which resulted from the _Dunciad_
would occupy a large space. Many of them were as grossly
personal as the celebrated poem. The poet was frequently
ridiculed under the names of "Pope Alexander" (from his
dictatorial style), and "Sawney." In "an heroic poem
occasioned by the _Dunciad_," published in 1728, the poet's
snug retreat at Twickenham is thus alluded to:--

"Sawney! a mimic sage of huge renown,
To Twick'nam bow'rs retir'd, enjoys his wealth,
His malice and his muse: in grottoes cool,
And cover'd arbours, dreams his hours away."

A fragment of Pope's celebrated grotto still remains; the
house is destroyed. Pope spent all his spare cash over his
Twickenham villa. "I never save anything," he said once to
Spence; and the latter has left a detailed account of what he
meant to do in the further decoration of his garden if he had
lived. As he gained a sum of money, he regularly spent it in
this way.--ED.

[199] Pope is, perhaps, the finest _character-painter_ of all
satirists. Atterbury, after reading the portrait of Atticus,
advised him to proceed in a way which his genius had pointed
out; but Arbuthnot, with his dying breath, conjured him "to