int and with the iron melt the solder on the joint, drawing the
iron around the pipe keeping the solder melted around the iron all
the time.

_Eleventh_, fill the joint with solder and continue to draw the hot
iron around the joint until a smooth and bright surface is
obtained. To master the correct use of the soldering iron in this
work, considerable practice will be necessary.

OVERCAST JOINTS.--(Fig. 17.)

NOTE.--Each operation must be performed thoroughly.

_First_, saw off from a coil of 1-1/2-inch D lead pipe a 10-inch
piece of pipe.

_Second_, square the ends with the rasp, as previously explained.

_Third_, take a 1-1/2-inch DRIFT PLUG and drive through the pipe
(Fig. 18).

_Fourth_, saw the pipe into two pieces of 5 inches each.

_Fifth_, square the ends of the pipe with the rasp.

_Sixth_, rasp off the outside edge of one end of the pipe as shown.

_Seventh_, rasp off the inside edge of one end of the pipe.

_Eighth_, finish rasped surfaces with a file. Both surfaces should
have the same angle.

[Illustration: FIG. 17.]

[Illustration: FIG. 18.]

[Illustration: FIG. 19.--Overcast joint.]

_Ninth_, with a shave hook scrape the outside surface of each pipe
for about 1 inch from the end.

_Tenth_, put the soldering iron on to heat.

_Eleventh_, paste paper on the joint as shown in the cut.

_Twelfth_, fit the pieces together and lay on the bench. Drop some
melted solder on the joint and with the hot iron proceed to flow
the solder around the joint by turning the pipe. Use plenty of flux
(rosin). The pipes must be tacked in three or four places at first
or they will have a tendency to spread.

_Thirteenth_, to finish the joint, lift the iron straight up.

This joint when finished will have a bright smooth finish. The two
foregoing joints need considerable practice and should be perfectly
mastered before going on to the next job.

SEAMS

A description of the making of wiped seams for lead-lined tanks
will not be attempted as very few are made now. The plumber,
however, is often called upon to make a seam joining two pieces of
sheet lead. The beginner will do well to go over the following
exercise carefully and practice it thoroughly.

[Illustration: FIG. 20.--Flat seam.]

MATERIALS.--Two pieces of 8-pound sheet lead, 6 by 10 inches