country, were resolute not to unite their cause
with that of an army which admitted any engagers or malignants among
them; and they kept in a body apart under Ker. They called themselves
the protesters; and their frantic clergy declaimed equally against
the king and against Cromwell. The other party were denominated
resolutioners; and these distinctions continued long after to divide and
agitate the kingdom.

Charles encamped at the Torwood; and his generals resolved to conduct
themselves by the same cautious maxims, which so long as they were
embraced, had been successful during the former campaign. The town
of Stirling lay at his back, and the whole north supplied him with
provisions. Strong intrenchments defended his front; and it was in vain
that Cromwell made every attempt to bring him to an engagement. After
losing much time, the English general sent Lambert over the Frith into
Fife, with an intention of cutting off the provisions of the enemy.
Lambert fell upon Holborne and Brown, who commanded a party of the
Scots, and put them to rout with great slaughter. Cromwell also passed
over with his whole army; and lying at the back of the king, made it
impossible for him to keep his post any longer.

Charles, reduced to despair, embraced a resolution worthy of a
young prince contending for empire. Having the way open, he resolved
immediately to march into England, where he expected that all
his friends, and all those who were discontented with the present
government, would flock to his standard. He persuaded the generals to
enter into the same views; and with one consent the army, to the number
of fourteen thousand men, rose from their camp, and advanced by great
journeys towards the south.

Cromwell was surprised at this movement of the royal army. Wholly intent
on offending his enemy, he had exposed his friends to imminent danger,
and saw the king with numerous forces marching into England; where
his presence, from the general hatred which prevailed against the
parliament, was capable of producing some great revolution. But if this
conduct was an oversight in Cromwell, he quickly repaired it by his
vigilance and activity. He despatched letters to the parliament,
exhorting them not to be dismayed at the approach of the Scots: he sent
orders every where for assembling forces to oppose the king: he ordered
Lambert with a body of cavalry to hang upon the rear of the royal army,
and infest their march; and he himself,