but avoid getting chilled. 4. Keep the bowels
active, taking a cathartic if necessary. 5. To relieve pain in the
chest, apply a mustard plaster or a flannel cloth moistened with
some irritating substance, such as turpentine or a mixture of equal
parts of kerosene and lard. Keep up a mild irritation until the pain
is relieved, but avoid blistering.

38 Not only do the lungs remove oxygen from the air and add carbon
dioxide to it, but they separate from the body considerable moisture
and, according to some authorities, a small amount of an impurity
referred to as "animal matter." Odors also arise from the skin,
teeth, and clothing which, if not dangerous to the health, are
offensive to the nostrils. If on going into a room such odors are
detected, the ventilation is not sufficient. This is said to be a
reliable test.

39 E.A. Schaffer, "Artificial Respiration in its Physiologic Aspects,"
_The Journal of the American Medical Association_, September, 1908.

40 Testing the prone-posture method by suitable apparatus, Professor
Schaffer has found it capable of introducing more air per minute
into the lungs than any of the other methods of artificial
respiration, and more even than is introduced by ordinary breathing.

41 Osier, _The Principles and Practice of Medicine_.

42 Huber, _Consumption and Civilization_.

43 To prepare limewater some small lumps of _fresh_ lime (either
slacked or unslacked) are added to a large bottle of water and
thoroughly shaken. This is put aside until the lime all settles to
the bottom and the water above is perfectly clear. This is now ready
for use and may be poured off as needed. When the supply is
exhausted add more water and shake again.

44 An _element_ is a single kind of matter. Those substances are
classed as elements which cannot be separated into different kinds
of matter. Two or more elements combined in definite proportions by
weight form a _compound_. The elements are few in number, only about
eighty being known. Compounds, on the other hand, are exceedingly
numerous.

45 The term _energy_, as used here, has the same general meaning as the
word _power_. See Chapter XII.

46 The oxygen pressure of the atmosphere is that portion of the total
atmospheric pressure which is due to the wei