dward I have in great measure
lain empty and untenanted to the present day.

[104] H. de Fontenay, _Autun et ses monuments_ (Autun, 1889), pp.
49 foll. and map (1:6,250). The existence of a town-plan was
first noticed by J. de Fontenay, _Bulletin monumental_, 1852, p.
365, but his map appears to be incorrect and his views generally
are based too much on _a priori_ assumptions.

_Trier_ (fig. 30).

We may take another example from a northern city, Trier on the Mosel,
in north-eastern Gaul (Augusta Treverorum). It was in its later days a
large city, perhaps the largest Roman city in western Europe. When its
walls were built and its famous north gate, the Porta Nigra, was
erected, probably towards the end of the third century, they included
a space of 704 acres, twenty-five times as much as the original
Timgad, though, it must be added, this area may not have been wholly
covered with houses. But it was then an old city. Its earliest remains
date from the earliest days of the Roman Empire (A.D. 2), when it was
founded, like Autun, on a spot which had (as it seems) never been
inhabited before.[105] Of this first beginning we possess vestiges
which concern us here. Eight or nine years ago, when the modern town
was provided with drainage, the engineers of the work and the Trier
archaeologists, headed by the late Dr. Graven, combined to note the
points where the drainage trenches cut through pieces of Roman
roadway.[106]

[105] Ademeit, _Siedelungsgeographie des Moselgebiets_, pp. 367,
431.

[106] H. Graeven, _Stadtplan des roemischen Triers_ in _Die
Denkmalpflege_, 14 Dec. 1904 (1:10,000); the plan has been often
copied, as by Cramer, _Das roem. Trier_ (Guetersloh, 1911), and Von
Behr, _Trierer Jahresberichte_, i. 1908. Compare Barthel, _Bonner
Jahrbuecher_, cxx. 106. Trier at some time or other became a
'colonia'. When this occurred, is hotly disputed; the evidence
seems to me to suggest that it was founded without colonial
status and became a 'colonia latina' in the course of the first
century (see Domaszewski, _Abhandlungen_, p. 153). I have
therefore inserted Trier in this chapter with Autun and not in
Chapter VIII with Orange and Timgad.

These points yielded a regular plan of streets crossing at right
angles, which in many of its features much resembles that of Autun.
Thirteen streets were traced running east and west, and eight (Dr.
Grave