ic process of the
temporal bone. 5, The malar (cheek) bone. 6, The superior maxillary bone,
(upper jaw.) 7, The vomer, that separates the cavities of the nose. 8,
The inferior maxillary bone, (lower jaw.) 9. The cavity for the eye.]

82. The TRUNK has fifty-four bones--twenty-four _Ribs_; twenty-four
bones in the _Spi'nal Col'umn_, (back-bone;) four in the _Pel'vis_;
the _Ster'num_, (breast-bone;) and the _Os hy-oid'es_, (the bone at
the base of the tongue.) They are so arranged as to form, with the
soft parts attached to them, two cavities, called the _Tho'rax_
(chest) and _Ab-do'men_.

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80. How many bones in the ear? 81. How many bones in the face? What is
their use? Explain fig. 8. 82-94. _Give the anatomy of the bones of
the trunk._ 82. How many bones in the trunk? Name them. What do they
form by their arrangement?

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83. The THORAX is formed by the sternum in front; the ribs, at the
sides; and the twelve dorsal bones of the spinal column, posteriorly.
The natural form of the chest is a cone, with its apex above; but
fashion, in many instances, has nearly inverted this order. This
cavity contains the lungs, heart, and large blood-vessels.

[Illustration: Fig. 9. 1, The first bone of the sternum, (breast-bone.)
2. The second bone of the sternum. 3, The cartilage of the sternum. 4,
The first dorsal vertebra, (a bone of the spinal column.) 5, The last
dorsal vertebra. 6, The first rib. 7, Its head. 8, Its neck. 9, Its
tubercle. 10, The seventh, or last true rib. 11, The cartilage of the
third rib. 12, The floating ribs.]

84. The STERNUM is composed of eight pieces in the child. These unite
and form but three parts in the adult. In youth, the two upper
portions are converted into bone, while the lower portion remains
cartilaginous and flexible until extreme old age, when it is often
converted into bone.

85. The RIBS are connected with the spinal column, and increase in
length as far as the seventh. From this they successively become
shorter. The direction of the ribs from above, downward, is oblique,
and their curve diminishes from the first to the twelfth. The external
surface of each rib is convex; the internal, concave. The inferior, or
lower ribs, are, however, very flat.

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83. Describe the thorax. Explain fig. 9. 84. Describe the sternum. 85.
Describe the ribs.

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86. The seven upper ribs are