oyed by the omission of a correct accompanying aid or
defence, with the body, or the leg. Thus:--if a horse rear, it is
useless for the rider to afford him a slack rein, if she do not also
lean forward, in order, by throwing her weight on his fore-parts, to
bring him down, and also to save herself from falling backward over his
haunches. Should the rider, when her horse rises, slacken the reins,
but retain her usual position on the saddle, if he rear high, she must
necessarily be thrown off her balance; and then, if she hang on the bit,
in order to save herself from falling, there is great danger of her
pulling the horse backward.

The aids and defences of the body are numerous: we shall attempt to
describe a few of them; the residue must be acquired by practice, and
the lady's own observation. When the rider indicates by her hand that
she wishes the horse to advance, the body should be inclined forward in
a slight degree; and the left leg (with the whip, also, if the animal be
sluggish, or not well trained) pressed to his side. Should she, by
pulling the rein towards her, or turning the wrist in the manner we have
before directed, communicate her desire to stop, her body ought, at the
same time, to be thrown back, with gentleness, or otherwise, in
proportion to the severity of the action of the hand against the horse's
inclination to increase his speed contrary to the will of his rider, or
when he leaps, kicks, or plunges. If a horse rear, the rider should lean
forward more than in the aid for the advance: but care must be taken, in
this case, to perform the defence with discretion, especially with a
pony, or galloway; for, should the animal rise suddenly, and the rider
throw herself abruptly forward, it is not improbable that he might give
her a violent blow on the face with the top of his head.

We have already mentioned, in a previous part of our treatise, the
direction which the body should take when riding in a circle, turning a
corner, or acting as a defence against the danger attendant upon a
horse's shying. In the first case, the aid of the body, if properly
performed, will carry with it the aid of the hand, the leg, and even the
whip, if it be held near the horse's side. We will explain this by an
example:--Suppose the rider wishes to turn a corner on her left; she
inclines a little towards it, drawing her left shoulder in, and
thrusting her right shoulder rather forward: the bridle-hand will thus
be drawn ba