7% were Jews; 2.11% were Protestants and the remainder
belonged to the Greek church. In the matter of education, Lower Austria is
one of the most advanced provinces of Austria, and 99.8% of the children of
school-going age attended school regularly in 1900. The local diet is
composed of 78 members, of which the archbishop of Vienna, the bishop of St
Poelten and the rector of the Vienna University are members _ex officio_.
Lower Austria sends 64 members, to the Imperial Reichsrat at Vienna. For
administrative purposes, the province is divided into 22 districts and
three towns with autonomous municipalities: Vienna (1,662,269), the capital
(since 1905 including Floridsdorf, 36,599), Wiener-Neustadt (28,438) and
Waidhofen on the Ybbs (4447). Other principal towns are: Baden (12,447),
Bruck on the Leitha (5134), Schwechat (8241), Korneuburg (8298), Stokerau
(10,213), Krems (12,657), Moedling (15,304), Reichenau (7457), Neunkirchen
(10,831), St Poelten (14,510) and Klosterneuburg (11,595).

The original archduchy, which included Upper Austria, is the nucleus of the
Austrian empire, and the oldest possession of the house of Habsburg in its
present dominions.

See F. Umlauft, _Das Erzherzogtum Oesterreich unter der Enns_, vol. i. of
the collection _Die Lander Oesterreich-Ungarns in Wort und Bild_ (Vienna,
1881-1889, 15 vols.); _Die oesterreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und
Bild_, vol. 4. (Vienna. 1886-1902, 24 vols.); M. Vansca, _Gesch. Nieder- u.
Ober-Oesterreichs_ (in Heeren's _Staatengesch._, Gotha, 1905).

AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. _Oberoesterreich_ or _Oesterreich ob der Enns_,
"Austria above the river Enns"), an archduchy and crown-land of Austria,
bounded N. by Bohemia, W. by Bavaria, S. by Salzburg and Styria, and E. by
Lower Austria. It has an area of 4631 sq. m. Upper Austria is divided by
the Danube into two unequal parts. Its smaller northern part is a
prolongation of the southern angle of the Bohemian forest and contains as
culminating points the Ploecklstein (4510 ft.) and the Sternstein (3690
ft.). The southern part belongs to the region of the Eastern Alps,
containing the Salzkammergut and Upper Austrian Alps, which are found
principally in the district of Salzkammergut (_q.v._). To the north of
these mountains, stretching towards the Danube, is the Alpine foothill
region, composed partly of terraces and partly of swelling undulations, of
which the most important is the Hausruckwald. This is a wooded chain of