iends whose
acquaintance he had made in the colony; one was Charles Paine Pauli,
to whom he dedicated Life and Habit. He arrived in August, 1864, in
London, where he took chambers consisting of a sitting-room, a
bedroom, a painting-room and a pantry, at 15 Clifford's Inn, second
floor (north). The net financial result of the sheep-farming and
the selling out was that he practically doubled his capital, that is
to say he had about 8000 pounds. This he left in New Zealand,
invested on mortgage at 10 per cent, the then current rate in the
colony; it produced more than enough for him to live upon in the
very simple way that suited him best, and life in the Inns of Court
resembles life at Cambridge in that it reduces the cares of
housekeeping to a minimum; it suited him so well that he never
changed his rooms, remaining there thirty-eight years till his
death.

He was now his own master and able at last to turn to painting. He
studied at the art school in Streatham Street, Bloomsbury, which had
formerly been managed by Henry Sass, but, in Butler's time, was
being carried on by Francis Stephen Gary, son of the Rev. Henry
Francis Gary, who had been a school-fellow of Dr. Butler at Rugby
and is well known as the translator of Dante and the friend of
Charles Lamb. Among his fellow-students was Mr. H. R. Robertson,
who told me that the young artists got hold of the legend, which is
in some of the books about Lamb, that when Francis Stephen Gary was
a boy and there was a talk at his father's house as to what
profession he should take up, Lamb, who was present, said:

"I should make him an apo-po-pothe-Cary."

They used to repeat this story freely among themselves, being, no
doubt, amused by the Lamb-like pun, but also enjoying the malicious
pleasure of hinting that it might have been as well for their art
education if the advice of the gentle humorist had been followed.
Anyone who wants to know what kind of an artist F. S. Cary was can
see his picture of Charles and Mary Lamb in the National Portrait
Gallery. In 1865 Butler sent from London to New Zealand an article
entitled "Lucubratio Ebria," which was published in the Press of
29th July, 1865. It treated machines from a point of view different
from that adopted in "Darwin among the Machines," and was one of the
steps that led to Erewhon and ultimately to Life and Habit. The
article is reproduced in The Note-Books of Samuel Butler (1912).

Butler also studied art a