University College, and during the whole of that time I never
witnessed a single operation involving pain."

Now, are we not justified in estimating Professor Sanderson's
nobility of disposition by his books?

He was joint author and editor of the "Handbook for the Physiological
Laboratory," the publication in which of the tortures of animals
roused a feeling in the country that led to the appointment of the
Royal Commission to inquire into these practices. And is he not now
one of the editors of the _Journal of Physiology_, which continually
details to the world experiments involving terrible torments?

In his "Handbook of Physiology" we find such descriptions as the
following:--

Page 319. "(109).--_Asphyxia by complete Occlusion of the
Trachea_.--For this purpose a cannula must be fixed air-tight in the
trachea, the mouth of which is of such form that it can be plugged
with a cork. . . . The phenomena as they present themselves in the
dog. . . . _First minute_. Excessive respiratory movements in which
at first the expansive efforts of the thoracic muscles, afterwards
the expulsive efforts of the abdominal wall, are most violent.
Towards the close of the first minute the animal becomes convulsed.
_Second minute_. Early in the second minute the convulsions cease,
often suddenly; simultaneously with the cessation the expiratory
efforts become indistinguishable. The iris is now dilated to a rim;
the eye does not close when the cornea is touched, nor does the pupil
react to light; all reflex reaction to stimuli has ceased. All the
muscles except those of inspiration are flaccid, and the animal lies
in a state of tranquility which contrasts in the most striking way
with the storm which preceded it . . . _Third and fourth minute_. As
death approaches the thoracic and abdominal movements which are
entirely respiratory become slow and slower as well as shallower. . . .
In the spasms which accompany the final gasps of an asphyxiated
animal the head is thrown back, the trunk straightening or arched
backwards, and the limbs are extended while the mouth gapes and the
nostrils dilate. They are called by physiologists stretching
convulsions."

Page 320. "(110).--_Asphyxia by Slow Suffocation_.--When an animal
is allowed to breathe the same quantity of air repeatedly and