5;
Berkeley's critique of, 278;
historical conceptions of, 229.

COSMOLOGICAL PROOF, the, of God, 203.

COSMOLOGY, general meaning of, 159;
mechanism in, 161, 225;
teleology in, 161.

COSMOS, origin of, 242.

CRITICAL METHOD, 319 ff.

CYNICISM, 259.

CYRENAICISM, 259.

DANTE, as philosopher-poet, 42 ff.;
general meaning of the _Divine Comedy_, 43;
and Thomas Aquinas, 43, 46;
his vision of the ways of God, 46;
on contemplation, 428.

DARWIN, 204.

DEISM, 207.

DEMOCRITUS, 247.
Also see ATOMISM.

DESCARTES, on function of philosophy, 154;
dualism of, 272, 412;
his theory of space and matter, 229;
automatism of, 248;
epistemology of, 341, 375;
his conception of self, 374.

DESCRIPTION, as method of science, 128.

DIALECTIC, in Plato, 320;
in Hegel, 361.

DIOGENES, 259.

DOGMATISM, 167.

DUALISM, general meaning, 162;
of Descartes, 272, 412.

DUTY, 196, 356, 360, 386.

ECLECTICISM, contemporary, 398 ff., 413.

ELEATICS.
See under PARMENIDES, and ZENO.

EMERSON, on spirit, 359;
on nature, 364;
on absolute, 392;
on necessity, 393;
on faith, 424.

EMPIRICISM, general meaning, 168;
in logic, 187;
in naturalism, 252 ff.;
of Locke, 274;
of Berkeley, 274 ff.

ENERGY, development of, conception of, 236 ff.

EPISTEMOLOGY, relation to metaphysics, 150;
definition of, 164;
fundamental problems of, 168, 172;
argument for God from, 202;
of naturalism, 248, 252 ff., 257;
of Descartes, 273, 341, 375;
of Berkeley, 277, 296;
of absolute realism, 339, 351;
of Leibniz, 340, 341;
of Plato, 340, 341;
of Hume, 376;
of Aristotle, 340, 341;
of absolute idealism, 351, 368 ff.;
of present day, 408 ff.

ETERNAL, the, 309.

ETHER, 230.

ETHICS, relation to metaphysics, 151, 196 ff., 360;
its origin in Socratic method, 181;
definition of, 191;
special problems and theories in, 191 ff.;
of Socrates, 192, 194;
of Aristotle, 195, 345;
of naturalism, 258 ff.;
of subjectivism, 298 ff.;
of Schopenhauer, 299;
argument for God from, 203;
individualism in, 301;
pluralism in, 302, 421;
of Stoics and Spinoza, 342;
Platonic, 342;
of Kant, 386;
of absolute idealism, 388.

EUDAEMONISM, 195.

EVIL, PROBLEM OF, 317, 336, 339, 352,