en or eight leaves. A variety, called la Coriphee, invariably
produces (p. 116) two flower-stems, united together and covered by one
skin. The flower-stem in another kind (p. 128) comes out of the ground
in a coloured sheath, before the appearance of the leaves, and is
consequently liable to suffer from frost. Another variety always pushes
a second flower-stem after the first has begun to develop itself.
Lastly, white hyacinths with red, purple, or violet centres (p. 129)
are the most liable to rot. Thus, the hyacinth, like so many previous
plants, when long cultivated and closely watched, is found to offer
many singular variations.

In the two last chapters I have given in some detail the range of
variation, and the history, as far as known, of a considerable number of
plants, which have been cultivated for various purposes. But some of the
most variable plants, such as Kidney-beans, Capsicum, Millets, Sorghum,
&c., have been passed over; for botanists are not agreed which kinds ought
to rank as species and which as varieties; and the wild parent-species are
unknown.[812] Many plants long cultivated in tropical {372} countries, such
as the Banana, have produced numerous varieties; but as these have never
been described with even moderate care, they also are here passed over.
Nevertheless a sufficient, and perhaps more than sufficient, number of
cases have been given, so that the reader may be enabled to judge for
himself on the nature and extent of the variation which cultivated plants
have undergone.

* * * * *

{373}

CHAPTER XI.

ON BUD-VARIATION, AND ON CERTAIN ANOMALOUS MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND
VARIATION.

BUD-VARIATIONS IN THE PEACH, PLUM, CHERRY, VINE, GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT,
AND BANANA, AS SHOWN BY THE MODIFIED FRUIT--IN FLOWERS: CAMELLIAS,
AZALEAS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, ROSES, ETC.--ON THE RUNNING OF THE COLOUR IN
CARNATIONS--BUD-VARIATIONS IN LEAVES--VARIATIONS BY SUCKERS, TUBERS,
AND BULBS--ON THE BREAKING OF TULIPS--BUD-VARIATIONS GRADUATE INTO
CHANGES CONSEQUENT ON CHANGED CONDITIONS OF LIFE--CYTISUS ADAMI, ITS
ORIGIN AND TRANSFORMATION--ON THE UNION OF TWO DIFFERENT EMBRYOS IN ONE
SEED--THE TRIFACIAL ORANGE--ON REVERSION BY BUDS IN HYBRIDS AND
MONGRELS--ON THE PRODUCTION OF MODIFIED BUDS BY THE GRAFTING OF ONE
VARIETY OR SPECIES ON ANOTHER--ON THE DIRECT OR IMMEDIATE ACTION OF
FOREIGN POLLEN ON