ICIENT TO CAUSE UNHAPPINESS 138
XI. WHETHER THE DISORDERS OF MIND OR BODY ARE WORSE 142
XII. ON ABUNDANCE OF FRIENDS 145
XIII. HOW ONE MAY DISCERN A FLATTERER FROM A FRIEND 153
XIV. HOW A MAN MAY BE BENEFITED BY HIS ENEMIES 201
XV. ON TALKATIVENESS 214
XVI. ON CURIOSITY 238
XVII. ON SHYNESS 252
XVIII. ON RESTRAINING ANGER 267
XIX. ON CONTENTEDNESS OF MIND 289
XX. ON ENVY AND HATRED 312
XXI. HOW ONE CAN PRAISE ONESELF WITHOUT EXCITING ENVY 315
XXII. ON THOSE WHO ARE PUNISHED BY THE DEITY LATE 331
XXIII. AGAINST BORROWING MONEY 365
XXIV. WHETHER "LIVE UNKNOWN" BE A WISE PRECEPT 373
XXV. ON EXILE 378
XXVI. ON FORTUNE 394

INDEX 401

PLUTARCH'S MORALS.

ON EDUCATION.

Sec. I. Come let us consider what one might say on the education of free
children, and by what training they would become good citizens.

Sec. II. It is perhaps best to begin with birth: I would therefore warn
those who desire to be fathers of notable sons, not to form connections
with any kind of women, such as courtesans or mistresses: for those who
either on the father or mother's side are ill-born have the disgrace of
their origin all their life long irretrievably present with them, and
offer a ready handle to abuse and vituperation. So that the poet was
wise, who said, "Unless the foundation of a house be well laid, the
descendants must of necessity be unfortunate."[3] Good birth indeed
brings with it a store of assurance, which ought to be greatly valued by
all who desire legitimate offspring. For the spirit of those who are a
spurious and bastard breed is apt to be mean and abject: for as the poet
truly says, "It makes a man even of noble spirit servile, when he is
conscious of the ill fame of either his father or mother."[4] On the
other hand the sons of illustrious parents are full of pride and
arrogance. As an instance of this it is recorded of Diophantus,[5] the
son of Themistocles, that he often used to say to various pe