.

FURTHER TREATMENT OF PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HYGIENE.

Stammering and stuttering--Those who have broken down--The increase of
the range of a voice--The part the student plays in settling such
questions--Selections to be avoided--Conservation of energy--Change
and contrast--The voice as related to the building in which it is
produced--The listener and pauses--Nervousness, and how to ward it
off--General conclusion 268

CHAPTER XX.

REVIEW AND REVISION.

The object of the speaker or singer--The idea of co-ordination--The
study of vocalization may be considered a study of movements--The
psychic condition--The instrument which is played upon--How is this
instrument played upon?--Vibration of the air--Breathing--The aim of
all training--The whole subject of breathing--Breathing exercises--The
resonance chambers--The formation of vowels--Muscular efforts for the
production of consonants--The pronunciation of words--General health
of great importance 276

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE

Appearance of the larynx during phonation in two
special cases (in colors) _Frontispiece_

1. Muscle-fibres from the heart, much magnified 34
2. Small portion of muscle, moderately magnified 34
3. Muscle-cells from coats of intestine 35
4. Body of a nerve-cell of the spinal cord 38
5. Large nerve-cell from spinal cord of an ox 38
6. Cell from the cortex cerebri 38-39
7. Nerve terminating in a muscle 38-39
8. Muscle-fibres with capillaries around and between them 39
9. Parts of the respiratory apparatus 44
10. Trachea and bronchial tubes 45
11. Heart, lungs, and diaphragm 45
12. Diagram showing changes in shape of chest during inspiration 49
13. Diagram showing depression of the diaphragm during
inspiration 50
14. Position of diaphragm, abdominal walls, etc., during
expiration 55
15. Diagram illustrating reflex action 58
16. A well-developed, healthy chest 62
17. A chest deformed by corsets