way, and the outside rudely fashioned to the likeness of a boat.
If they were making a periagua, they left the stern "flat"--that is, cut
off sharply without modelling; if they were making a canoa, they pointed
both ends, as a Red Indian points his birch-bark. The bottom of the boat
in either case was made flat, for convenience in hauling over shoals or
up rapids. The inside of the boat was hollowed out by fire, with the
help of the Indians, who were very expert at the management of the
flame. For oars they had paddles made of ash or cedar plank, spliced to
the tough and straight-growing lance wood, or to the less tough, but
equally straight, white mangrove. Thwarts they made of cedar plank.
Tholes or grummets for the oars they twisted out of manatee hide. Having
equipped their canoas or periaguas they secured them to the stern of
their ship, and set sail towards their quarry.

_Authorities._--Captain James Burney: "Voyages and Discoveries in
the South Sea"; "History of the Buccaneers." Pere Charlevoix:
"Histoire de l'Isle Espagnole"; "Histoire et description de la N.
France." B. Edwards: "Historical Survey of the Island of San
Domingo." Gage: "Histoire de l'Empire Mexicain"; "The English
American." S. Hazard: "Santo Domingo, Past and Present." Justin:
"Histoire Politique de l'Isle de Haiti." Cal. State Papers: "America
and West Indies." Abbe Raynal: "History of the Settlements and
Trades of the Europeans in the East and West Indies." A. O.
Exquemeling: "History of the Buccaneers." A. de Herrera:
"Description des Indes Occidentales (d'Espagnol)." J. de Acosta:
"History of the Indies." Cieca de Leon: "Travels."

CHAPTER IX

BUCCANEER CUSTOMS

Mansvelt and Morgan--Morgan's raid on Cuba--Puerto del Principe

Throughout the years of buccaneering, the buccaneers often put to sea in
canoas and periaguas,[15] just as Drake put to sea in his three
pinnaces. Life in an open boat is far from pleasant, but men who passed
their leisure cutting logwood at Campeachy, or hoeing tobacco in
Jamaica, or toiling over gramma grass under a hot sun after cattle, were
not disposed to make the worst of things. They would sit contentedly
upon the oar bench, rowing with a long, slow stroke for hours together
without showing signs of fatigue. Nearly all of them were men of more
than ordinary strength, and all of them were well accustomed to the
climate. When they had rowed their can