a, 240, 241.
defeats at Plevna, 243.
victory over Skobeleff before Plevna, 246, 247.
defeat at Grivitza, 248, 249.
Ungri (Hungarians, or Magyars), their origin, 148.
Ungri, Hallam's description of them, 149.
German account of their savagery, 149, 150.
their career in the Principalities and settlement in Hungary, 150.
Vlad, the Impaler, fights the Turks in alliance with John Corvinus, 168.
his wars with the Turks, 170.
his horrible cruelties, 170.
submission to the Turks, 170.
Vladimiresco, his career and death, 219.
Vladislaus, King of Poland and Hungary, fights the Turks in alliance with John Corvinus, 168.
killed at Varna, 168.
Voivodes, early, in Wallachia, 163 _et seq._, 200 _et seq._
in Moldavia, 170 _et seq._
their short rule and usual fate, 200, 213.
Phanariote, 208 _et seq._
native, restored, 220.
Wallachia, early traditions of, 162.
historical records of its foundation, 163.
bans, voivodes, and khans in, 163, 164.
first capitulation to the Turks, 165 and Appendix II.
state of society under Michael the Brave, 176-81.
under the Phanariotes, 208-14.
under Russian protection, 217, 221, 224.
Greek rising in, 218, 220.
national regeneration by Heliade, 221, 222.
revolution of 1848 in, 223, 224.
junction with Moldavia, 228.
Wallachs, their origin, 151, 153.
opinions of mediaeval historians regarding their Daco-Roman descent (Bonfinius, Anna Comnena, AEneas Sylvius), 152, 153.
their first rule, 154.
Wallacho-Bulgarian Empire, founded by Peter, Asan, and John, 155.
allied with the Kumani, 155.
duration of the Empire, 155.
correspondence between Innocent III. and John, Emperor of, 156-60.
fall of, 160.
Wilkinson on the Phanariotes, 180 _note_, 210.
Ypsilanti, his leadership of the Greek rising, 219.
treachery against Vladimiresco, 219.
lights the Turks at Dragosani, 219.
defeat, flight, and ultimate fate, 220.
Zallony on the Phanariotes, 210.

L.

Law and Jurisprudence:
capital punishment abolished, and its substitutes, 101, 102, 106.
courts of justice, 100.
crime, statistics of, 103.
Doftana, visit to salt mine of, 104, 105.
expenditure for judicial and penal purposes, 112.
prisons of Roumania, 102-10.
prisoners, treatment of, 102, 104, 106, 110, 111.
Vakareschti, visit, to prison of, 104, 105.

M.

Manufactures (see 'Commerce')