arch
was no sooner put in possession of Guienne, than the citation was
renewed; Edward was condemned for non-appearance; and Guienne, by
a formal sentence, was declared to be forfeited and annexed to the
crown.[****]

* Trivet, p. 275.

** Trivet, p. 276.

*** Rymer, vol. ii. p. 619, 620. Walsing. p. 61. Heming. vol.
i p. 42, 43. Trivet, p. 277.

**** Rymer vol. ii p. 620, 622. Walsing. p. 61. Trivet, p. 278.

Edward, fallen into a like snare with that which he himself had spread
for the Scots, was enraged; and the more so, as he was justly ashamed
of his own conduct, in being so egregiously overreached by the court of
France. Sensible of the extreme difficulties which he should encounter
in the recovery of Gascony, where he had not retained a single place in
his hands, he endeavored to compensate that loss by forming alliances
with several princes, who, he projected, should attack France on all
quarters, and make a diversion of her forces. Adolphus de Nassau, king
of the Romans, entered into a treaty with him for that purpose;[*] as
did also Amadaeus, count of Savoy, the archbishop of Cologne, the counts
of Gueldre and Luxembourg; the duke of Brabant and count of Barre, who
had married his two daughters, Margaret and Eleanor: but these alliances
were extremely burdensome to his narrow revenues, and proved in the
issue entirely ineffectual. More impression was made on Guienne by an
English army, which he completed by emptying the jails of many thousand
thieves and robbers, who had been confined there for their crimes. So
low had the profession of arms fallen, and so much had it degenerated
from the estimation in which it stood during the vigor of the feudal
system!

{1295.} The king himself was detained in England, first by contrary
winds,[**] then by his apprehensions of a Scottish invasion, and by
a rebellion of the Welsh, whom he repressed and brought again under
subjection.[***] The army which he sent to Guienne, was commanded by his
nephew, John de Bretagne, earl of Richmond, and under him by St. John,
Tibetot, De Vere, and other officers of reputation;[****] who made
themselves masters of the town of Bayonne, as well as of Bourg, Blaye,
Reole, St. Severe, and other places, which straitened Bordeaux, and cut
off its communication both by sea and land.

* Heming. vol, i. p. 51.

** Chron. Dunst. vol. ii. p. 622.

*** Walsing. p. 62. Heming. vol. i. p. 55. Trivet, p