sh remained so long
in an enemy's country, without a proper head or governor.

The new governor, on his arrival, found the capital already lost. The
Parisians had always been more attached to the Burgundian than to the
English interest; and after the conclusion of the treaty of Arras, their
affections, without any further control, universally led them to
return to their allegiance under their native sovereign. The constable,
together with Lile-Adam, the same person who had before put Paris into
the hands of the duke of Burgundy, was introduced in the night-time by
intelligence with the citizens: Lord Willoughby, who commanded only
a small garrison of fifteen hundred men, was expelled: this nobleman
discovered valor and presence of mind on the occasion; but unable to
guard so large a place against such multitudes, he retired into the
Bastile, and being there invested, he delivered up that fortress, and
was contented to stipulate for the safe retreat of his troops into
Normandy.[*]

In the same season, the duke of Burgundy openly took part against
England, and commenced hostilities by the siege of Calais, the only
place which now gave the English any sure hold of France, and still
rendered them dangerous. As he was beloved among his own subjects, and
had acquired the epithet of Good, from his popular qualities, he was
able to interest all the inhabitants of the Low Countries in the success
of this enterprise; and he invested that place with an army formidable
from its numbers, but without experience, discipline, or military
spirit.[**] On the first alarm of this siege, the duke of Glocester
assembled some forces, sent a defiance to Philip, and challenged him to
wait the event of a battle, which he promised to give, as soon as the
wind would permit him to reach Calais. The warlike genius of the English
had at that time rendered them terrible to all the northern parts of
Europe; especially to the Flemings, who were more expert in manufactures
than in arms; and the duke of Burgundy, being already foiled in some
attempts before Calais, and observing the discontent and terror of his
own army, thought proper to raise the siege, and to retreat before the
arrival of the enemy.[***]

* Monstrelet, vol. ii. p. 127. Grafton, p. 568.

** Monstrelet, vol. ii, p. 126, 130, 132. Holing. p. 613.
Grafton, p 571.

*** Monstrelet, vol. ii. p. 136. Holing. p. 614.

The English were still masters of many fine provin