enbach, _Travels in New Zealand_, ii. 40, 112
_sq._, 356; E. Shortland, _Traditions and Superstitions of the
New Zealanders_, p. 104; R. Taylor, _Te Ika A Maui_, pp. 149,
164, 212 _sq._; E. Tregear, _Maori-Polynesian Comparative
Dictionary_, pp. 23 _sq._, _s.v._ "Ariki." The word _ariki_
signifies properly the first-born or heir, whether male or
female, of a family.

[104] Lieut.-Col. W. E. Gudgeon, "Maori Religion," _Journal of
the Polynesian Society_, vol. xiv. no. 3 (September 1905), p.
130. Compare _id._, "The Tipua-Kura and other Manifestations of
the Spirit World," _Journal of the Polynesian Society_, vol. xv.
no. 57 (March 1906), p. 38.

[105] R. Taylor, _Te Ika a Maui_, p. 173. _Mana_ means
authority, especially divine authority or supernatural power.
See E. Tregear, _Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary_, p.
203, _s.v._ "Mana"; and for a full discussion of the conception
see Lieut.-Col. W. E. Gudgeon, "Mana Tangata," _Journal of the
Polynesian Society_, vol. xiv. no. 2 (June 1905), pp. 49-66.
"_Mana_ plays a leading part in the ability of a leader, or
successes in war of celebrated warriors. When a man frequently
undertakes daring deeds, which ought under ordinary
circumstances to fail, but none the less prove successful, he is
said to possess _mana_, and thereafter is regarded as one
peculiarly favoured by the gods, and in such cases it is held
that he can only be overcome by some act or default; such as a
disregard or neglect of some religious or warlike observance,
which has been shown by experience to be essential to success in
war, but which our warrior, spoiled by a long career of good
fortune, had come to regard as necessary to ordinary mortals
only and of but little consequence to men of _mana_" (W. E.
Gudgeon, _op. cit._ p. 62). "There were cases in which the
_mana_ of a man depended upon the facility with which he could
communicate with the spirits of departed ancestors, that is,
upon his capacity to enforce the aid and attendance of these
minor deities. To this end every man with any pretension to
_mana_ had a knowledge of certain forms of invocation by which
he could summon the spirits of long departed heroes and
ancestors, but it must not be supposed that these invocations
would necessarily have power in the mouths of all men, for such
wa