weak muscle mass in the jaw
of doves, and because the musculature is weak there are few pronounced
osseous fossae, cristae and tubercles. As a result, the bones, in
addition to being small in absolute size, are relatively weaker when
compared to skulls of birds having more distinctive feeding habits
which require more powerful musculature.

The jaw muscles of the species dissected for this study are, in gross
form, nearly identical from one species to another. Thus, a description
of the pertinent myology of each species is unnecessary; one basic
description is hereby furnished, with remarks on the variability
observed between the species.

The terminology adopted by me for the jaw musculature is in boldfaced
italic type. Synonyms are in italic type and are the names most often
used by several other writers.

~_M. pterygoideus ventralis:_~ part of Mm. pterygoidei, Gadow,
1891:323-325, table 26, figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, and table 27,
fig. 3--part of M. pterygoideus internus, Shufeldt, 1890:20,
figs. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 11--part of M. adductor mandibulae
internus, Edgeworth, 1935:58, figs. 605c and 607--part of M.
pterygoideus anterior, Adams, 1919:101, pl. 8, figs. 2 and 3.

~_M. pterygoideus dorsalis:_~ part of Mm. pterygoidei,
Gadow, 1891:323-325, table 26, fig. 7 and table 27, figs. 1
and 3--part of M. pterygoideus internus, Shufeldt,
1890:20--part of M. adductor mandibulae internus, Edgeworth,
1935:58, fig. 605c--? part of M. pterygoideus anterior,
Adams, 1919:101, pl. 8, figs. 2 and 3.

~_M. adductor mandibulae externus:_~ _a_) ~_pars
superficialis:_~ parts 1 and 2 of M. temporalis, Gadow,
1891:320-321--part of M. temporal, Shufeldt, 1890:16,
figs. 5 and 7--part of M. adductor mandibulae externus,
Edgeworth, 1935:58-60--M. capiti-mandibularis medius and
profundus, Adams, 1919:101, pl. 8, fig. 1.

_b_) ~_pars medialis:_~ ? parts 1, 2 and 3 of M. temporalis,
Gadow, 1891:320-322--part of M. masseter and ? part of M.
temporal, Shufeldt, 1890:16-18, figs. 5, 6, 7 and 11--part
of M. adductor mandibulae externus, Edgeworth,
1935:58-60--M. capiti-mandibularis superficialis, first
part, Adams, 1919:100-101, pl. 8, fig. 1.

_c_) ~_pars profundus:_~ part 2 of M. temporalis, Gadow,
1891:321, table 27, fig. 2--part of M. temporal and ? part
of M. masseter, Shufeldt, 1890:16-18--part of M. adduct