set
against the chest and withers; the front part of the breast and
shoulders must be broad and fleshy; the low-hanging dewlap must be soft
to the touch; the back and loins must be properly projected, somewhat
broad, the bones not too sharp, but well covered with flesh; the animal
should have long curved ribs, which form a broad breast bone; the body
must be round and deep, but not sunken into a hanging belly; the rump
must not be uneven, the hip-bones should not stand out too broad and
spreading, but all the parts should be level and well filled up; a fine
tail, set moderately high up and tolerably long, but slender, with a
thick, bushy tuft of hair at the end, hanging down below the hocks; the
legs must be short and low, but strong in the bony structure; the knees
broad, with flexible joints; the muscles and sinews must be firm and
sound, the hoofs broad and flat, and the position of the legs natural,
not too close and crowded; the hide, covered with fine glossy hair, must
be soft and mellow to the touch, and set loose upon the body. A large,
rather long, white and loose udder, extending well back, with four long
teats, serves also as a characteristic mark of a good milch cow. Large
and prominent milk-veins must extend from the navel back to the udder;
the belly of a good milch cow should not be too deep and hanging. The
color of the North Dutch cattle is mostly variegated. Cows with only one
color are no favorites. Red or black variegated, gray and blue
variegated, roan, spotted and white variegated cows, are especially
liked.

THE HEREFORD.

These cattle derive their name from a county in the western part of
England. Their general characteristics are a white face, sometimes
mottled; white throat, the white generally extending back on the neck,
and sometimes, though rarely, still further along on the back. The color
of the rest of the body is red, generally dark, but sometimes light.
Eighty years ago the best Hereford cattle were mottled or roan all over;
and some of the best herds, down to a comparatively recent period, were
either all mottled, or had the mottled or speckled face.

The expression of the face is mild and lively; the forehead open, broad,
and large; the eyes bright and full of vivacity; the horns glossy,
slender and spreading; the head small, though larger than, and not quite
so clear as, that of the Devons; the lower jaw fine; neck long and
slender; chest deep; breast-bone large, prominent, and