recalls having seen in Pinega in February men who had left
their Petchora homes eight months before to go to Archangel for the
precious flour provided by the American Red Cross. The civil war had
made transportation slow and extremely hazardous.

Expeditions were constantly sent out from Archangel to various points
with supplies of food, clothing, and medicaments. The most extensive of
the civilian relief enterprises undertaken by the Red Cross Mission to
Russia was the sending of a boat from Archangel to Kern with a cargo of
fifty-five tons. This was distributed either by the Red Cross officials
themselves or by responsible local authorities.

Food rations and clothing were given to three hundred destitute families
in Archangel which, upon careful investigation, were found to be
deserving. Housing conditions were improved and clothing, which had been
salvaged from sunken steamers and lay idle in the customs house, was
dried and distributed.

Besides supplying all Russian civilian hospitals in and around Archangel
regularly with medicine, sheets, blankets, pillows and food rations, the
Red Cross opened up a Red Cross hospital in Archangel, which was finally
turned over to the local government to be used as a base hospital for
the Russian army. Red Cross medicines are credited with having checked
the serious influenza epidemic and with having worked against its
recurrence.

Medicaments worth one million roubles were sent by the Red Cross to the
various district zemstvos. Russian prisoners of war, returning from
Germany through the Bolshevik lines to North Russia, were also taken
care of.

Work among the American soldiers in North Russia was thorough and
effective. The daily ration was supplemented and many American soldiers
received from the Red Cross quantities of rolled oats, sugar, milk, and
rice, besides all the regular Red Cross comforts, including cigarettes,
stationery, chewing gum, athletic goods, playing cards, toilet articles,
phonographs, sweaters, socks, blankets, etc.

Supplies were sent as regularly as possible to the troops on the line,
generally in the face of apparently insurmountable transportation
difficulties. Units of troops, even in the most inaccessible and out of
the way places, were visited by Red Cross workers, occasionally at great
danger to their lives.

With the assistance of the Red Cross The American Sentinel, a weekly
newspaper, was printed and distributed among the troops and did