10
Abraham Lincoln 11
The Church and War 11

III. NON-VIOLENCE BY NECESSITY 12
Non-Violent Resistance to Invaders 13
Chinese Boycotts Against Foreigners 15
Egyptian Opposition to Great Britain 16

IV. NON-VIOLENT COERCION 17
The Labor Strike 19
The Boycott 21
Non-Violent Coercion by the American Colonies 22
Irish Opposition to Great Britain After 1900 23
Strikes with Political Purposes 24
Non-Violence in International Affairs 24

V. SATYAGRAHA OR NON-VIOLENT DIRECT ACTION 25
The Origins of Satyagraha 26
The Process of Satyagraha 27
The Philosophy of Satyagraha 29
The Empirical Origins of Gandhi's Method 31
Non-Cooperation 32
Fasting 33
The American Abolition Movement 34

VI. NON-RESISTANCE 36
The Mennonites 37
The New England Non-Resistants 39
Tolstoy 41

VII. ACTIVE GOODWILL AND RECONCILIATION 43
Action in the Face of Persecution 44
Coercion or Persuasion? 46
Ministering to Groups in Conflict 47
The Power of Example 48
Work for Social Reform 49
Political Action and Compromise 50
The Third Alternative 51

VIII. CONCLUSIONS 54

* * * * *

PREFACE

The purpose of the present study is to analyze the various positions
found within the pacifist movement itself in regard to the use of
non-violent techniques of bringing about social change in group
relationships. In its attempt to differentiate between them, it makes no
pretense of determi