west was observable.

The writer believes that this was caused by the pounding of the brick
barge on the sand bottom on which the caissons rest, during half tide,
the boat being raised from the bottom on a roller, and striking when the
roller had passed. In order to protect the pier and avoid the bumping of
barges against it, three groups of piles were driven about 8 ft. beyond
the end, a secondary platform was built between these and the stringer
of the pier, and arranged so that it would slide on the stringer in case
of movement of the piles. This secondary platform is particularly
advantageous in the handling of material, as the height of the dock was
found to be excessive for passing up brick and cement. For handling
material after it is deposited on the dock, an industrial railroad has
been built. At the shore end of this railroad, brick and cement are
dumped into wagons, in which they are carried up the hill to the house.

EUGENE KLAPP, M. AM. SOC. C. E. (by letter).--The injury done to the
piers, as reported by Mr. Payne, is not to be wondered at. The pier was
primarily built for a yacht landing, and, on account of the shoal water
conditions, excepting at extreme high tide, it was mostly to be used by
tenders and launches from larger yachts. It was thought that at high
water the large steam yachts might be able to come alongside.

Provision was not made for tying up to the dock a heavily loaded brick
scow and allowing it to remain there through rough weather.

The building of the secondary fender piles, during the temporary use of
the dock for unloading building material, will doubtless prevent further
damage.

End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Transactions of the American Society
of Civil Engineers, vol. LXX, Dec. 1910, by Eugene Klapp

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CIVIL ENGINEERS ***

***** This file should be named 17777.txt or 17777.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
http://www.gutenberg.org/1/7/7/7/17777/

Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Sigal Alon and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without pa