g construction, and through
which libations were introduced on certain feast-days in
honour of Kheops. The draughtsman has endeavoured to render,
by lines of unequal thickness, the varying height of the
courses of masonry; the facing, which is now wanting, has
been reinstated, and the broken line behind it indicates the
visible ending of the courses which now form the northern
face of the pyramid.

[Illustration: 183.jpg The ascending passage OF THE great pyramid]

Facsimile by Boudier of a drawing published in the
_Description de l'Egypte, Ant._, vol. v. pl. xiii. 2.

Four barriers in all were thus interposed between the external world and
the vault.*

* This appears to me to follow from the analogous
arrangements which I met with in the pyramid of Saqqara. Mr.
Petrie refuses to recognize here a barrier chamber (cf. the
notes which he has appended to the English translation of my
_Archeologie egyptienne_, p. 327, note 27,) but he confesses
that the arrangement of the grooves and of the flagstone is
still an enigma to him. Perhaps only one of the four
intended barriers was inserted in its place--that which
still remains.

The Great Pyramid was called Khuit, the "Horizon" in which Khufui had to
be swallowed up, as his father the Sun was engulfed every evening in
the horizon of the west. It contained only the chambers of the deceased,
without a word of inscription, and we should not know to whom it
belonged, if the masons, during its construction, had not daubed here
and there in red paint among their private marks the name of the king,
and the dates of his reign.*

* The workmen often drew on the stones the cartouches of the
Pharaoh under whose reign they had been taken from the
quarry, with the exact date of their extraction; the
inscribed blocks of the pyramid of Kheops bear, among
others, a date of the year XVI.

Worship was rendered to this Pharaoh in a temple constructed a little in
front of the eastern side of the pyramid, but of which nothing remains
but a mass of ruins. Pharaoh had no need to wait until he was mummified
before he became a god; religious rites in his honour were established
on his accession; and many of the individuals who made up his court
attached themselves to his double long before his double had become
disembodied. They served him faithfully during their life, to repose