e city generally and the lower city, as
opposed to Athens, which was called the Upper City. The two cities
were united by the Long Walls, about four miles in length.]

[Footnote 211: The Academia, one of the suburbs of Athens, was planted
with trees, among others with the olive. It was on the north-west side
of the city. In the Academia there was a Gymnasium, or exercise place,
and here also Plato delivered his lectures; whence the name Academy
passed into use as a term for a University (in the sense of a place of
learning) in the Middle Ages, and has now other significations. The
Lycaeum was another similar place on the east side of Athens.]

[Footnote 212: This was Epidaurus on the east coast of Argolis in the
Peloponnesus, which contained a temple of AEsculapius, the god of
healing. Olympia on the Alpheius, in Elis, contained the great temple
of Jupiter and immense wealth, which was accumulated by the offerings
of many ages. This and other temples were also used as places of
deposit for the preservation of valuable property. Pausanias (v. 21,
vi. 19, and in other passages) has spoken at great length of the
treasures of Olympia. These rich deposits were a tempting booty to
those who were in want of money and were strong enough to seize it. At
the commencement of the Peloponnesian war (B.C. 431) it was proposed
that the Peloponnesian allies should raise a fleet by borrowing money
from the deposits at Olympia and Delphi (Thucydides, i. 121), a scheme
which the Athenians, their enemies, appear to have looked upon as a
mode of borrowing of which repayment would form no part. (i. 143.
[Greek: eite kai kinesantes], &c.). Many of the rich churches in Italy
were plundered by the French during their occupation of Italy in the
Revolutionary wars; their search after valuables extended to very
minute matters. The rich stores of the Holy House of the Virgin at
Loreto were nearly exhausted by Pope Pius VI. in 1796 to satisfy the
demands of the French. It is said that there is a new store got
together for the next invader.]

[Footnote 213: The history of this ancient body cannot be given with
any accuracy except in detail. (See the article "Amphictyons," _Penny
Cyclopaedia_.) The "royal presents" were the gifts of Croesus, king of
Lydia (in the sixth century B.C.) the most munificent of all the
donors to the temple. Among his other presents Herodotus (i. 51)
mentions four of these silver casks or jars, and he uses the same word
t