on of the
_tamahno-us_. The most valuable articles of property were put into
or hung up around the grave, being first carefully rendered
unserviceable, and the living family were literally stripped to do
honor to the dead. No little self-denial must have been practiced in
parting with articles so precious, but those interested frequently
had the least to say on the subject. The graves of women were
distinguished by a cap, a Kamas stick, or other implement of their
occupation, and by articles of dress.

Slaves were killed in proportion to the rank and wealth of the
deceased. In some instances they were starved to death, or even tied
to the dead body and left to perish thus horribly. At present this
practice has been almost entirely given up, but till within a very
few years it was not uncommon. A case which occurred in 1850 has
been already mentioned. Still later, in 1853, Toke, a Tsinuk chief
living at Shoalwater Bay, undertook to kill a slave girl belonging
to his daughter, who, in dying, had requested that this might be
done. The woman fled, and was found by some citizens in the woods
half starved. Her master attempted to reclaim her, but was soundly
thrashed and warned against another attempt.

It was usual in the case of chiefs to renew or repair for a
considerable length of time the materials and ornaments of the
burial-place. With the common class of persons family pride or
domestic affection was satisfied with the gathering together of the
bones after the flesh had decayed and wrapping them in a new mat.
The violation of the grave was always regarded as an offense of the
first magnitude and provoked severe revenge. Captain Belcher
remarks: "Great secrecy is observed in all their burial ceremonies,
partly from fear of Europeans, and as among themselves they will
instantly punish by death any violation of the tomb or wage war if
perpetrated by another tribe, so they are inveterate and tenaceously
bent on revenge should they discover that any act of the kind has
been perpetrated by a white man. It is on record that part of the
crew of a vessel on her return to this port (the Columbia) suffered
because a person who belonged to her (but not then in her) was known
to have taken a skull, which, from the process of flattening, had
become an object of curiosity." He adds, however, that at the period
of his visit to the river "the skulls and skelet